Summary of How Acupuncture is Believed to Work

Gate Control Theory
One theory proposed to explain the mechanism of acupuncture is the gate control theory of pain. According to this theory, the stimulation of acupuncture points sends signals along nerve fibres that compete with pain signals travelling along the same pathways. This can effectively "close the gate" to pain signals, reducing the perception of pain.

Neurotransmitter Release
Acupuncture has been shown to stimulate the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which plays a role in mood regulation, and noradrenaline, which is involved in stress response and pain modulation. These neurotransmitters can influence various physiological processes, including pain perception and emotional well-being.

Blood Flow Regulation
Acupuncture may also affect blood flow and circulation. Studies have shown that acupuncture can dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow to specific areas of the body. Improved blood circulation can promote healing, reduce inflammation, and facilitate the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Modulation of Neural Activity
Acupuncture has been found to influence the activity of various neural structures in the brain, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and amygdala. These brain regions are involved in regulating hormonal balance, stress response, and emotional processing, suggesting that acupuncture may have effects beyond pain relief.